Uso de denosumab en quiste óseo aneurismático: revisión de la literatura / Use of denosumab in aneurysmatic bone cyst: literature review

INTRODUCCIÓN Los quistes óseos aneurismáticos (QOAs) son tumores benignos, localmente agresivos, y con importante potencial de recidiva, que representan aproximadamente el 1% de todos los tumores óseos. Se describen múltiples tratamientos, como: escisión intralesional, embolización arterial selectiva, inyección de agentes esclerosantes, y radiación. Estos tratamientos tienen una tasa variable de eficacia, ya que la recurrencia puede llegar al 20% y puede estar asociada a comorbidades graves como la pérda funcional de la extremidad. OBJETIVO Realizar una revisión integradora de la literatura sobre el uso de denosumab para el tratamiento de QOAs, describiendo el perfil epidemiológico, la dosis utilizada, y las complicaciones. MÉTODO Se recopilaron artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años en la base de datos PubMed. La información recogida de los casos reportados fue la edad, el sexo, la ubicación del tumor, la realización de cirugía antes y/o después del tratamiento con denosumab, la dosis utilizada, las complicaciones, y la recurrencia. RESULTADOS Se analizaron 7 artículos, 4 reportes de casos y 3 series de casos, escritos en inglés, y publicados de 2014 a 2019. La mayoría de los pacientes eran del sexo femenino, con una edad promedio de 14 años, y el tumor localizado en la columna. CONCLUSIÓN El uso de denosumab en el tratamiento de QOAs ha tenido una buena respuesta, ya que tiene bajas tasas de recurrencia y complicaciones; sin embargo, hacen falta más estudios para definir el protocolo de tratamiento.

INTRODUCTION Aneurysmal Bone Cysts (ABCs) are locally-aggressive benign tumors with relevant potential for recurrence, representing approximately 1% of all bone tumors. Multiple treatments are described for them, such as: intralesional excision, selective arterial embolization, injection of sclerosing agents, and radiation. These treatments have a variable efficacy rate, can reach 20% and may be associated with serious comorbidities such as functional loss of the limb. OBJETIVE To perform an integrative review of the literature on the use of denosumab in the treatment of ABCs, describing the epidemiological profile, the dosage used, and the complications. METHODOLOGY Articles published in the past five years were retrieved from the PubMed database. The information collected from the cases reported was age, gender, tumor location, the performance of surgery before and/or after the denosumab treatment, the dose used, the complications, and recurrence. RESULTS We analyzed 7 articles, 4 case reports and 3 case series, written in English, and published from 2014 to 2019. Most patients were female, with an average age of 14 years, with the tumor located in the spine. CONCLUSION The use of denosumab in the treatment of ABCs yielded good results, with low rates of recurrence and complications. However, further studies are needed to define a treatment protocol.

Aneurysmal bone cyst at C2: imaging evaluation after intralesional injection of calcitonin and methylprednisolone / Cisto ósseo aneurismático em C2: avaliação por imagem após injeção intralesional de calcitonina e metilprednisolona

Objective: To demonstrate imaging findings during the follow-up of patients with aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of C2 treated with intralesional injection of calcitonin and methylprednisolone. METHOD: Three patients with ABC of C2 were treated percutaneously with intralesional injection of calcitonin and methylprednisolone. All the patients were females, with ages varying from 6 to 13 years. All of them presented with cervical masses, but without neurological symptoms. RESULTS: Imaging follow-up with CT and plain films showed progressive ossification and reduction of the blood-filled cavities with volume reduction of all lesions. No recurrence was noted during the follow-up.  Conclusion: Intralesional injection of calcitonin and methylprednisolone is a safe treatment option for cervical ABC. The CT scan is especially valuable as a guide of injection site and for the follow-up of ossification of the treated ABCs.

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar os aspectos de imagem no acompanhamento de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento de cisto ósseo aneurismático com injeção intralesional de calcitonina e metilprednisolona. MÉTODO: Três pacientes com cisto ósseo aneurismático em C2 foram tratados com injeção intralesional percutânea de calcitonina e metilprednisolona. Os três pacientes eram do sexo feminino com idades variando de 6 a 13 anos. Os três pacientes apresentavam massa cervical sem sintomas neurológicos. RESULTADOS: O acompanhamento por imagem com tomografia computadorizada e radiografia simples demonstrou ossificação progressiva e redução das cavidades preenchidas por sangue, com redução do volume das lesões. Não foi percebida recidiva durante o acompanhamento. CONCLUSÃO: A injeção intralesional de calcitonina e metilprednisolona é uma opção de tratamento segura para o cisto ósseo aneurismático cervical. A tomografia computadorizada é especialmente útil para orientar o sítio da punção e para o acompanhamento da ossificação dos cistos ósseos aneurismáticos tratados.

Quiste óseo aneurismático / Aneurysmatic bone cyst

Se presentó un caso de quiste óseo aneurismático vertebral lumbar y su propuesta de tratamiento, de una paciente femenina de 8 años procedente de Venezuela, que después de una caída comenzó a notar aumento de volumen con dolor ligero en región lumbar. La paciente ha tenido una evolución favorable.

The case of a Venezuelan 8-year-old female with vertebrolumbar aneurysmatic bone cyst, as well as the proposed treatment were presented. After falling, the patient began to observe a volume increase with mild pain in the lumbar region. The patient has had a favorable evolution.